The Performance of Post-Quantum TLS 1.3

Authors: Markus Sosnowski, Florian Wiedner, Eric Hauser, Lion Steger, Dimitrios Schoinianakis, Sebastian Gallenmueller, Georg Carle"

Published in Proc. International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), 2023

Abstract:
Quantum Computers (QCs) differ radically from traditional computers and can efficiently solve mathematical problems fundamental to our current cryptographic algorithms. Although existing QCs need to accommodate more qubits to break cryptographic algorithms, the concern of ''Store-Now-Decrypt-Later'' (i.e., adversaries store encrypted data today and decrypt them once powerful QCs become available) highlights the necessity to adopt quantum-safe approaches as soon as possible. In this work, we investigate the performance impact of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) on TLS 1.3. Different signature algorithms and key agreements (as proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)) are examined through black- and white-box measurements to get precise handshake latencies and computational costs per participating library. We emulated loss, bandwidth, and delay to analyze constrained environments. Our results reveal that HQC and Kyber are on par with our current state-of-the-art, while Dilithium and Falcon are even faster. We observed no performance drawback from using hybrid algorithms; moreover, on higher NIST security levels, PQC outperformed any algorithm in use today. Hence, we conclude that post-quantum TLS is suitable for adoption in today's systems.

Recommended citation: Markus Sosnowski, Florian Wiedner, Eric Hauser, Lion Steger, Dimitrios Schoinianakis, Sebastian Gallenmueller, Georg Carle, "The Performance of Post-Quantum TLS 1.3", Proc. International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Paris, France, Dec. 2023. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3624354.3630585

@inproceedings{sosnowski2023conext, title = {The Performance of Post-Quantum TLS 1.3},
 author = {Sosnowski, Markus and Wiedner, Florian and Hauser, Eric and Steger, Lion and Schoinianakis, Dimitrios and Gallenm{“u}ller, Sebastian and Carle, Georg},
 booktitle = {Proc. International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT)},
 year = {2023},
 location = {Paris, France},
 month = dec,
 month_numeric = {12}
 }